Carrots & sticks are so last century. Drive says for 21st century work, we need to upgrade to autonomy, mastery & purpose.
Unfortunately, as with business, there’s a mismatch between what science knows and what schools do.
...once a person is autonomous, they will have the desire to gain mastery over the topic at hand. They will feel free to become engaged with their work, thus entering them into the state of Flow. This state of Flow is a mental state in which a person becomes entirely focused and energized by the task at hand...
Extrinsic incentives and rewards such as grades, certificates and money are of limited value. Recent practices, both in the classroom and in management, have tended to conflate performance with tight management and oversight. This robs the student and the teacher of autonomy, mastery, and purpose, and has exactly the opposite of the desired effect.